Whatever 用法和意思1(與whoever和whichever比較):

問:whatever, whoever與 whichever能引出什麽類型的子句。

答:whatever, whoever與 whichever能引出主詞子句、受詞子句、介係詞受詞子句和讓步副詞子句。

A. whatever  用法引出主詞子句:

  1. Whatever she did was right. 凡是她所做的都是正確的。
  2. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 凡是違背這個法規的人都得罰款。
  3. Whichever you want is yours. 凡是你想要的,就是你的。

B.  whatever  用法引出受詞子句

  1. I’ll send whatever is necessary. 需要什麼我就送/寄什麼。
  2. 2. I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什麼,就說什麼。
  3. 3. Buy whichever is cheapest. 哪個最便宜,就買哪一個。

C. whatever  用法作介係詞受詞子句

  1. One should stick to whatever one has begun 應當持之以恆。
  2. Give it to whoever (whomever) you like. 你愛給誰,就把它給誰吧。

D. whatever  用法引出讓步副詞子句

  1. Whatever you may think, I’m going ahead with my plans. 不管你怎麼想,我都要施行我的計。
  2. Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰,你也不能通過這條路。
  3. Whichever you choose, the others will be offended. 不管你選哪個,其餘的人都會生氣。
  4. Whatever nonsense the newspapers print, some people always believe it. 無論報紙上胡說些什麼,有些人都會相信。

Whatever 用法小練習:請選出正確的答案。
1. Do what you think is right ______ they say.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. for all

2. _________ brings about happiness has utility, according to the doctrine of utilitarianism.
A. It
B. Whatever
C. Each
D. Why (TOEFL, 1985.I1)
(關於 whatever (whoever, whichever) 子句本身的本質見以下“whatever 用法4”)

Whatever 用法和意思2(whatever be):

問:Whatever be the reasons for their action, we cannot tolerate such disloyalty.
我不明白上面的句子為什麼是 whatever be的用法,總而不用 whatever is。

答:請參考though用法5的解釋.

Whatever 用法和意思3 (whatever vs whatsoever):

問:whatsoever 與 whatever 意思和用法是否相同?

答:whatsoever是 whatever 用法的强調形式,並且比較正式,大都用來加強否定句的語氣,其作用相當於 at all

  1. A: Did she have an excuse for being late? 她遲到有什麼藉口嗎?B: None at all/what(so)ever. 沒有任何藉口。
  2. I have no money whatsoever. 一點兒錢也沒有。

此外,whatever 用法在肯定句中用作形容詞時,一般放在它所修飾的名同之前:

  1. Give me whatever books you have on the subject. 把你的有關這方面的書都給我。
  2. I used whatever tools were available. 凡是能弄到的工具我都用上了。
  3. She would tell him whatever news she got. 不管她得到什麼消息,都願意告訴他。

請與加強否定的 whatever的位置進行比較:

  1. You have no excuse whatever. 你沒有任何藉口。
  2. They had no doubt whatever about it. 他們對於這一點沒有任何懷疑。

小練習:請選出正確的答案。
What do you think about John?” “He has no sense ________.”
A. no matter what
B. what
C. nevertheless
D. whatsoever

Whatever 用法和意思4(vs whichever):

問:(A) You can do whatever you like. (B) I used whatever tools were available.
如何分析上面的 whatever子句?句(B)的子句為什麼沒有主詞(即were的主詞是什麽)?是否可理解為在were之前省略了關係代名詞 which或that?

答:上面的 whatever子句叫做名詞性形容詞子句 (nominal relative clauses)。在這裡,whichever, whoever和 whatever 用法身兼二職:1.引導子句(主詞子句、受詞子句等):2. 在形容詞子句中具關係代名詞的作用(充當子句的主詞、受詞等)。實際上,我們可以將名詞性形容詞子句改寫成名詞中心詞+形容詞子句:

  1. You can do whatever you like. à You can do any that which you like. 你可以做你喜歡做的任何事情。
  2. You can take whichever you like. à You can take any that you like. 你喜歡哪一個就可以拿哪一個。
  3. Whoever comes will be welcome. à Anyone who comes will be welcome. 誰來都歡迎。
  4. We’ll give you whatever help you need. à We’ll give you any help(that) you need. 我們將給予你們所需要的任何幫助。

這種名詞性形容詞子句可以充當句子的各種成分:主詞(例3)、受詞(例1和2)、形容詞(例4)。中國内地英語文法書關於充當形容詞的名詞性形容詞子句談得很少。讓我們再補充一些實例,並加以討論:

  1. You should wear whichever dress suits you best. 哪件衣服穿起來最漂亮,你就穿哪件。
  2. She had to rely on whatever books were lying around. 她不得不依賴放在周圍的所有那些書。
  3. Take whichever seat you like. 你喜歡哪個座位就坐哪一個。
  4. I’ll read whichever book you recommend. 你推薦的任何書我都願意看。
  5. Vote for whichever proposal you think most favourable. 你認為哪個建議最好,你就投票贊成哪個建議。

在上面的句子裡,whatever 用法和 whichever引導名詞性形容詞子句,它們本身在句子裡充當形容詞。由於名詞性形容詞子句的本質是名詞中心 + 形容詞子句,所以不能為在子句動詞(如句(B)的were, 句 1 suits,句2 were)之前省略了關係代名詞 whichthat,因為whatever 用法和whichever除了在主要子句中充當形容詞之外,在形容詞子句中還兼具著關係代名詞的作用。因此,句3、4也不能認為省略了關係代名詞 whichthat

Whatever 用法和意思5(whatsoever):

問:Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever.
請分析句中的whatsoever 用法和意思。

答:whatsoever是個形容詞,作中心詞quality control的後置形容詞,具加强否定的作用,在用法上大體相當於at all或whatever 用法和意思。

  1. That’s nothing whatsoever to do with me. 這跟我毫無關係。
  2. He has no talent whatsoever for this job. 他做這個工作毫無才能。
  3. I don’t think there’s any evidence of that whatsoever.我認為關於這一點沒有任何證據。
  4. I refuse to answer any questions whatsoever until that has been done. 在這事件完成之前,我拒絕回答任何問題。

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